George Washington and Jefferson National Forests Overview
The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests span nearly 1.8 million acres across western Virginia, with smaller portions extending into West Virginia and Kentucky. This massive expanse of public land is one of the largest in the eastern United States and offers a diverse range of outdoor recreation opportunities. From epic trails like the Appalachian Trail to scenic waterfalls and panoramic mountain vistas, this forest system is a paradise for hiking enthusiasts.
Notable Features
- Two National Forests Combined: The forests were established separately but are now managed together. The border between the two forests follows the James River.
- Historical Significance:
- George Washington National Forest was established in 1918 as Shenandoah National Forest before being renamed in 1932.
- Jefferson National Forest was founded in 1936, nearly 20 years later.
- Mount Rogers National Recreation Area: This 140,000-acre area includes Mount Rogers, Virginia’s highest peak at 5,729 feet.
- Old-Growth Forests: Over 230,000 acres of old-growth forest provide unique ecosystems and serene hiking environments.
- Blue Ridge Parkway: Much of the iconic parkway runs through these forests, offering breathtaking drives and easy access to many trailheads.
- Breaks Interstate Park: Home to the deepest gorge east of the Mississippi River.
- Lake Moomaw: A recreational hotspot featuring campgrounds, boating, fishing, and scenic hiking trails.
- Proximity to Shenandoah National Park: Located just east of George Washington National Forest, this nearby park expands your adventure options.
| State | Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky |
| Nearest Metro Area | Roanoke, VA |
| Area Size | 1,790,933 acres |
| Established | May 16, 1918 |
| Miles of Trails | 1,925 miles |
Trailhead Traveler’s Recommended Best Hikes in George Washington and Jefferson National Forests
Here’s a curated list of the best hiking trails in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, featuring must-see landmarks, rugged ascents, and family-friendly options.
(*** = Best hikes in George Washington and Jefferson National Forests)
Appalachian Trail to McAfee Knob*** – 7.6 miles out and back
- Length: 7.6 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 1,200 feet
- Trailhead Location: VA-311, near Catawba, VA
McAfee Knob is widely regarded as one of the most iconic viewpoints in the eastern United States and is a highlight of the George Washington National Forest. The trail follows a section of the legendary Appalachian Trail and features a steady incline through lush hardwood forests, offering occasional overlooks along the way. At the summit, you’ll find dramatic rock outcroppings perfect for photos and stunning panoramic views of the Catawba Valley. Known for its breathtaking sunrises and sunsets, McAfee Knob is a must-do for hikers visiting the region.
Big Schloss from Wolf Gap Trail*** – 4.5 miles out and back
- Length: 4.5 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 1,200 feet
- Trailhead Location: Wolf Gap Campground, VA/WV border
Located in the George Washington National Forest, this moderately challenging hike takes you to the summit of Big Schloss, a German word meaning “big castle.” The first section of the trail is steep, gaining elevation quickly, but levels out for an easier walk along the ridge. Along the way, you’ll enjoy breathtaking views of the Shenandoah Valley and Hardy County, West Virginia. The summit offers a large rock outcropping with awe-inspiring 360-degree views, making it a top destination for both day hikers and backpackers.
Brumley Mountain Trail (‘The Great Channels’) – 6.0 miles out and back
- Length: 6.0 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 1,200 feet
- Trailhead Location: Brumley Gap Road, near Abingdon, VA
The Great Channels of Virginia are a unique geological formation located within Jefferson National Forest, consisting of a sandstone maze formed over 400 million years ago. This hike is family-friendly and relatively easy, featuring a gradual climb through peaceful hardwood forests. At the top, hikers can explore the maze-like network of narrow rock corridors, which provide endless opportunities for photos and discovery. This trail is a hidden gem that showcases the geological diversity of the area.
Buzzard Rock Trail – 7.8 miles out and back
- Length: 7.8 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 2,100 feet
- Trailhead Location: Fort Valley, near Strasburg, VA
The Buzzard Rock Trail is a favorite for its ridgeline views and challenging terrain. Located in the Massanutten Range of the George Washington National Forest, the trail begins with a gradual incline before becoming steeper and more technical. The rocky ridge offers expansive views of Fort Valley and the Shenandoah Valley on either side, making it a rewarding hike for experienced adventurers. The trailhead is small and parking is limited, so arriving early is recommended.
Cascades Trail – 4.0 mile loop
- Length: 4.0 miles (loop)
- Elevation Gain: 700 feet
- Trailhead Location: Near Pembroke, VA
One of the most popular hikes in the Jefferson National Forest, the Cascades Trail leads to Cascades Falls, a 66-foot waterfall that tumbles into a clear, rocky pool below. The trail is divided into two sections: the lower trail, which runs alongside the scenic Little Stony Creek and features stone walkways and wooden bridges, and the upper trail, which offers a wider and less rocky path through the forest. Many hikers take the lower trail to the falls and return via the upper trail, making this a perfect loop for families and casual hikers.
Crabtree Falls Trail*** – 5.4 mile out and back
- Length: 5.4 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 1,500 feet
- Trailhead Location: Near Montebello, VA
The Crabtree Falls Trail is home to the tallest cascading waterfall east of the Mississippi, with a total drop of 1,200 feet. The trail includes five major cascades, each with designated overlooks that offer stunning views of the rushing water and the valley below. The first viewpoint is wheelchair accessible, making this a great option for hikers of all abilities. As you ascend, the trail becomes steeper, passing through lush forests with opportunities to spot wildlife. The dramatic beauty of the falls and surrounding area make this trail a bucket-list destination for anyone visiting the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Dragon’s Tooth Trail – 4.6 miles out and back
- Length: 4.6 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 1,220 feet
- Trailhead Location: VA-311, near Catawba, VA
Located in the Jefferson National Forest, the Dragon’s Tooth Trail is a challenging hike that rewards adventurers with a dramatic rock spire known as “The Tooth.” The trail begins with a gradual incline but becomes steep and rugged as it approaches the summit. The final ascent involves sections of rock scrambling, requiring both hands and feet to climb. At the top, hikers are treated to breathtaking views of the Roanoke Valley and the surrounding mountains. This trail is a favorite for those seeking a more adventurous and technical hike.
Elliott Knob Trail – 9.1 miles out and back
- Length: 9.1 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 2,500 feet
- Trailhead Location: VA-688, near Augusta Springs, VA
The hike to Elliott Knob is one of the most challenging in the George Washington National Forest, but it offers incredible rewards for those willing to make the climb. At 4,463 feet, Elliott Knob is one of the tallest peaks in Virginia. The trail ascends via an old jeep road, passing through diverse forest ecosystems and offering occasional views of the Allegheny Mountains. At the summit, hikers are greeted with panoramic vistas and the remnants of a historic fire lookout tower. This trail is especially popular during the fall months when the vibrant foliage transforms the landscape into a sea of color.
Humpback Rocks Loop*** – 4.0 mile loop
- Length: 4.0 miles (loop)
- Elevation Gain: 1,000 feet
- Trailhead Location: Near Afton, VA
This trail combines a steep climb to the Humpback Rocks with a scenic loop along the Appalachian Trail. The initial 0.8-mile ascent is steep but short, and the reward at the top is a stunning view of the surrounding Blue Ridge Mountains and valleys. After enjoying the views, hikers can continue along the A.T. to create a loop that leads back to the parking lot. The trailhead is located just off the Blue Ridge Parkway, making it easily accessible and popular for day trips.
Kennedy Peak Loop – 9.6 mile loop
- Length: 9.6 miles (loop)
- Elevation Gain: 1,200 feet
- Trailhead Location: Taskers Gap Road, near Fort Valley, VA
The Kennedy Peak Loop is a relatively moderate trail in the Massanutten Range of the George Washington National Forest. The highlight of the hike is the fire tower at the summit of Kennedy Peak, which provides spectacular 360-degree views of the Shenandoah Valley, Fort Valley, and the surrounding Blue Ridge and Massanutten Mountains. The trail winds through mixed forests, featuring a gradual incline for much of the way, and is particularly beautiful in the spring when wildflowers bloom along the path. For a more scenic ascent, hikers are encouraged to follow the loop clockwise.
Sharp Top Trail – 3.1 miles out and back
- Length: 3.1 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 1,300 feet
- Trailhead Location: Peaks of Otter Visitor Center, Blue Ridge Parkway, Bedford, VA
The Sharp Top Trail, located in the Jefferson National Forest, is a short but steep climb to the summit of Sharp Top Mountain, part of the iconic Peaks of Otter. The trail ascends over 1,200 feet in just 1.5 miles, making it a challenging but quick hike. At the top, visitors are rewarded with jaw-dropping 360-degree views of the surrounding mountains, valleys, and even glimpses of the Blue Ridge Parkway. A stone observation platform and picnic area make the summit an excellent spot to rest and take in the scenery. This trail is a must-visit for anyone exploring the Peaks of Otter Recreation Area.
Spy Rock via Appalachian Trail – 6.2 miles out and back
- Length: 6.2 miles (out and back)
- Elevation Gain: 1,300 feet
- Trailhead Location: Montebello Fish Hatchery Road, near Montebello, VA
Spy Rock is one of the best overlooks in the George Washington National Forest, offering panoramic views of the Religious Range, including notable peaks like The Priest and Mount Pleasant. The trail begins with a moderate incline on a gravel road before joining the Appalachian Trail for a steeper climb through the forest. The final stretch to Spy Rock requires a short scramble, but the effort is worth it. At the summit, the expansive rock face provides plenty of space to explore and enjoy the stunning scenery. This hike is especially popular during sunrise and sunset for photographers looking to capture the magic of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Tips for Planning Your Trip
- Gear Up: Make sure you’re prepared with the right equipment. Check out our hiking gear recommendations.
- Timing is Key: Popular trails like McAfee Knob and Dragon’s Tooth can get crowded, especially on weekends. Start early to beat the crowds.
- Explore More Trails: Looking for additional national park or forest hikes? Discover more here.
The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests are a haven for hikers, nature lovers, and adventurers. Whether you’re tackling challenging climbs, marveling at cascading waterfalls, or enjoying peaceful forest walks, this expansive wilderness offers something for everyone.
Featured Image: Fall Colors in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, Photo by US Forest Service – Southern Region
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